【2017.11.03】一些有关费曼和朗道的资料收集

　　简单查了一些有关费曼和朗道的资料。附加英文原文+拙译。

　　Ginzburg可以说是费曼/朗道这一对的领头人了，给他一朵小红花。

　　（资料势必非完整。后续不知还会不会补充。）

　　"I have already discussed the 'accusations' that Landau's bitter criticism might have been an obstacle in someone's way. The claims that Landau was a conservative and that he 'considered himself the most clever man' are groundless as well. I am not inclined to idealize Landau and to pass in silence over his weak points. Landau himself was not beyond criticizing even those he regarded as great, and he was critical of himself. The latter trait showed up in many ways. For example, Landau considered himself inferior 'in class' to a number of other physicists and his contemporaries. This was particularly true of his attitude toward Feynman, who was 10 years younger than Landau. In 1962 I met Feynman at a conference in Poland. Feynman was concerned about Landau's health and inquired after him. (The two had never met.) I mentioned how highly Landau thought of Feynman's results, and that he ranked them higher than his own. Feynman was somewhat embarrassed by this and resolutely declared that Landau was wrong in so judging him. Such comparisons are not my main point, however. Even Landau mentioned his 'classification' less often as the years passed, and he started to take a more sober view of classifying people. By the way, of all the physicists I have known personally, nobody resembled Landau more than Feynman. The resemblance extends to many things, scientific style, aspects of their personalities and behavior, and interest in pedagogical ideas. Even among famous physicists there is a diversity of talents. Niels Bohr and Landau, for instance, were on opposite extremes. Landau and Feynman I see as having had very similar talents. The similarity seems to me to be genetic. The differences, which one could attribute to their different surroundings and different upbringing, are certainly also very large. What a pity it is that these two remarkable physicists never met. It really pains me to think of this 'product' of our past."

Landau's Attitude Towards Physics and Physicists, V. L. Ginzburg

　　“有关朗道提出的批评过于激烈，可能在某些方面阻碍了他人发展的指责，我在之前已经讨论过了。一些声明称朗道是个墨守陈规的人，还说他‘认为自己是世上最聪明的人’，这全都是无稽之谈。我并非想要神化朗道的形象，也不并非对他的弱点视而不见。朗道自己，甚至那些被朗道视作伟人的人，也从未能摆脱批评的声音；而朗道对他自身的看法也同样是审慎批判的。后者可以从许多方面得到证明。举例来说，朗道认为他在‘等级上’比自己同时代的人，以及许多其他物理学家都要逊色。这一点在他对费曼，这个比他小了十岁的物理学家的看法上体现的尤为明显。1962年，我与费曼在波兰的一次会议上见面。费曼表达了他对朗道身体健康的担忧与问候。（这两人从未见过面。）我提到朗道对费曼的研究结果的极高评价，以及朗道将费曼列位于自己之上的事情。费曼听后有些难为情，并坚决地表示朗道对他的评价是种错爱。不过，我的主要目的并非讨论这种人与人之间的对比。随着时间的推移，即使朗道本人也越来越少地提及他的‘排名’，转而他开始用更加冷静严肃的观点去将人分门别类。顺带一提，所有我私下认识的物理学家中，没有人比费曼更像朗道。这两人间的相似体现在许多方面，科研风格，人格与行为的诸多层面，以及在教学方法与教学观念方面的兴趣。即使同样是知名物理学家，不同的物理学家也往往表现出不同的天赋。举例而言，尼尔斯·玻尔与朗道在天赋方面就完全处于两个极端。而朗道和费曼在我看来则有着非常相似的天赋。对我而言，这种相似仿佛是与生俱来的。当然，由于周围环境与成长经历的不同，这两人之间也自然有着很大的差异性。两位同样优秀非凡的物理学家终其一生也未能相见，这实在是非常可惜。我痛切地认识到了我们的过去所带来的‘结果’，究竟造成了多大的遗憾。”

　　"Of all the modern great physicists, Lev Davidovich most reminded me of Richard Feynman. Subsequently I was able to conform this. In 1972 in Hungary, at a conference on weak interactions, V. Telegdi introduced me to Feynman, who presented his famous 'Quarks as Partons' lecture there. After one of the lectures, at which I made a comment on the possible existence of a third lepton (apart from the electron and muon) and its properties, Feynman approached me and said he believed in the existence of a third lepton. He also asked me what I was working on at the time. ...During this discussion, he strongly reminded me of Dau. I told him so. 'Oh, for me that's a great compliment,' he replied."

　　"Feynman greatly admired Landau. I remember during my graduate studies there was talk of a letter Feynman had written him. In the letter he acknowledged that when he'd started working on superfluidity, he hadn't believed certain results Landau had obtained, but that the more he delved into the problem, the more he grew convinced that Landau's intuition was correct. Accordingly, Feynman asked Landau what he thought about the situation in quantum field theory. Dau, in his reply, wrote about the zero charge. Feynman reminded me of Landau in the style of his behavior. I think that for him, as for Landau, shock tactics were a means to overcome natural shyness."

Under the Spell of Landau: When Theoretical Physics Was Shaping Destinies, M. Shifman

“在所有卓越的当代物理学家之中，列夫·达维多维奇最容易让我想起理查德·费曼。后来我有了一个机会证实我的这个想法。1972年在匈牙利的一次讨论弱相互作用会议上，瓦伦丁·特勒格弟介绍了我与费曼认识。那次费曼在会议上进行了他著名的‘夸克即部分子’的演讲。在他的演讲结束之后，我发表了关于可能存在第三种轻子（不同于电子与渺子）及其性质的评论。费曼找到了我，并说他相信第三种轻子的存在。他还问了我当时正在进行有关哪些内容的工作。……在这次讨论中，他使我强烈地回想起了道。我告诉了他这一点，‘哦，对我而言这算是极大的褒扬了，’他回答。”

“费曼非常欣赏朗道。我记得我还在读研究生的时候，有人谈论起费曼寄给了朗道一封信。在信中，费曼表示当他刚开始研究超流体的时候，他并不相信朗道获得的某些结果，但随着他愈发深入地探索这个问题，他就愈发相信朗道的直觉是正确的。相应的，费曼问了朗道他对于量子场论现状的看法。道回信提到了零电荷。费曼的行为风格使我想起了朗道。我想对于他和朗道而言，突击战术是一种他们用来克服天性里害羞成分的手段。”

　　“…I shall postpone the topic ‘Landau and Feynman’ till future times. One thing, however, should perhaps be mentioned now. Landau was not personally acquainted with Feynman, but this was of course no obstacle to thinking very highly of him as a physicist. Moreover, in a conversation with me he called Feynman (more than once, I believe) a first-class physicist. This means that he thought of Feynman as equal to Bohr, Dirac, Schrödinger, Heisenberg, and a few other physicists of the twentieth century. According to Landau’s classification, of all physicists of this century Einstein alone possessed a still higher (‘half’) class. Landau placed himself at a lower level… I believe that Feynman and Landau were persons of the same scale and that both did so much in achievements and the more so to explain them. Such people and such talents (I mean not only, so to say, the depth of the talent, but also its type and form) are extremely rare; they are literally giant fluctuations. I somehow do not see such people among the physicists of the younger generation. I cannot say what the matter is. It may be my own delusion, or it may be connected with the nature of fluctuations (because the greater the fluctuation, the more seldom it is met). It may also be due to a different style and character of work in physics nowadays.”

The Physics of a Lifetime: Reflections on the Problems and Personalities of 2-th Century Physics V. L. Ginzburg

“我会把’朗道与费曼’的话题推迟到将来再提及。但有一件事我或许应该现在就提及。朗道与费曼私下里并不了解，但这不妨碍他将费曼视作一个非常优秀的物理学家。更甚者，在一次我与他的对话中，他把费曼称作一流物理学家（我确信他这么说了不止一次）。这意味着他将费曼视作与玻尔、狄拉克、薛定谔、海森堡，以及其他少数20世纪的物理学家同等级的人物。……我相信费曼与朗道是同一水准的人物，他们都取得了许多成就，且为了阐明这些成就进行了更多的工作。这样的人，与这样优秀的天赋（我这么说并不仅仅指天赋的深度，还包括其种类与形式）是十分少见的；他们就是字面意义上的巨涨落。”